Let's say that there is an existing git repo (that is on a git server) that you want to work with. In that case you can make an entire copy of that repo using the "clone" command.
For example, let's say I want to work with the code that is in the following repo:
https://github.com/puppetlabs/puppetlabs-ntp
On this page, you'll find the following link:
https://github.com/puppetlabs/puppetlabs-ntp.git
This is the link you need to make clone the repo. So to clone this repo, we do the following:
[vagrant@localhost Documents]$ ls -l total 0 [vagrant@localhost Documents]$ git clone https://github.com/puppetlabs/puppetlabs-ntp.git Initialized empty Git repository in /home/vagrant/Documents/puppetlabs-ntp/.git/ remote: Counting objects: 1688, done. remote: Total 1688 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 1688 Receiving objects: 100% (1688/1688), 343.95 KiB | 350 KiB/s, done. Resolving deltas: 100% (826/826), done. [vagrant@localhost Documents]$ ls -l total 4 drwxr-xr-x 8 vagrant vagrant 4096 Mar 9 14:02 puppetlabs-ntp
As you can see the clone command downloads the whole git repo in directory by the same name. Note if you want the folder to have some other name, e.g. "ntp", then do:
$ git clone https://github.com/puppetlabs/puppetlabs-ntp.git ntp
In the above example we use the https protocol, but there are other protocals, e.g. ssh that you can also use, if access to a repo requires authentication.
Now let's take a look inside this folder:
[vagrant@localhost Documents]$ cd puppetlabs-ntp/ [vagrant@localhost puppetlabs-ntp]$ ls -la total 104 drwxr-xr-x 8 vagrant vagrant 4096 Mar 9 14:02 . drwxr-xr-x 3 vagrant vagrant 4096 Mar 9 14:02 .. -rw-rw-r-- 1 vagrant vagrant 5781 Mar 9 14:02 CHANGELOG.md -rw-rw-r-- 1 vagrant vagrant 7965 Mar 9 14:02 CONTRIBUTING.md -rw-rw-r-- 1 vagrant vagrant 131 Mar 9 14:02 .fixtures.yml -rw-rw-r-- 1 vagrant vagrant 900 Mar 9 14:02 Gemfile drwxrwxr-x 8 vagrant vagrant 4096 Mar 9 14:02 .git -rw-rw-r-- 1 vagrant vagrant 83 Mar 9 14:02 .gitignore drwxrwxr-x 3 vagrant vagrant 4096 Mar 9 14:02 lib -rw-rw-r-- 1 vagrant vagrant 11346 Mar 9 14:02 LICENSE drwxrwxr-x 2 vagrant vagrant 4096 Mar 9 14:02 manifests -rw-rw-r-- 1 vagrant vagrant 1941 Mar 9 14:02 metadata.json -rw-rw-r-- 1 vagrant vagrant 753 Mar 9 14:02 .nodeset.yml -rw-rw-r-- 1 vagrant vagrant 495 Mar 9 14:02 Rakefile -rw-rw-r-- 1 vagrant vagrant 8697 Mar 9 14:02 README.markdown drwxrwxr-x 6 vagrant vagrant 4096 Mar 9 14:02 spec -rw-rw-r-- 1 vagrant vagrant 43 Mar 9 14:02 .sync.yml drwxrwxr-x 2 vagrant vagrant 4096 Mar 9 14:02 templates drwxrwxr-x 2 vagrant vagrant 4096 Mar 9 14:02 tests -rw-rw-r-- 1 vagrant vagrant 518 Mar 9 14:02 .travis.yml [vagrant@localhost puppetlabs-ntp]$
Here we have all project files (as of the latest commit). Hence we see the following when we check the status:
[vagrant@localhost puppetlabs-ntp]$ git status # On branch master nothing to commit (working directory clean)
The really cool thing about the .git folder is that it house the git repo's entire history. One of the things this means is that you can disconnect your workstation from the internet, delete the project files. , but still recover them again because all the project files are stored in the ".git" folder (in compressed form), along with all it's past history.
In other word's the .git folder essentially acts as the project's time machine. This means you can use git to roll back your project to how it looked like at some point in the past. E.g. roll back to commit number 2.